Efficacy of antihypertensive treatment: Which endpoints should be considered?

نویسندگان

  • Giuseppe Mancia
  • Guido Grassi
چکیده

outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretics. JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–2997 3. Morganti A. Should a diuretic always be the first choice in patients with essential hypertension? The case for no. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: S70–S73 4. Ashraf N, Locksley R, Arieff AI. Thiazide-induced hyponatremia associated with death or neurologic damage in outpatients. Am J Med 1981; 70: 1163–1168 5. Booker JA. Severe symptomatic hyponatremia in elderly outpatients: the role of thiazide therapy and stress. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984; 32: 108–113 6. Oles KS, Denham JW. Hyponatremia induced by thiazide-like diuretics in the elderly. South Med J 1984; 77: 1314–1315 7. Sonnenblick M, Algur N, Rosin A. Thiazide-induced hyponatremia and vasopressin release. Ann Int Med 1989; 110: 751 8. Friedman E, Shadel M, Halkin H, Farfel Z. Thiazide-induced hyponatremia. Reproducibility by single dose rechallenge and an analysis of pathogenesis. Ann Int Med 1989; 110: 24–30 9. Chow KM, Szeto CC, Wong TYH, Leung CB, Li PKT. Risk factors for thiazide-induced hyponatremia. Q J Med 2003; 96: 911–917 10. Kim GH, Lee JW, Oh YK et al. Antidiuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is associated with upregulation of aquaporin-2, Na-Cl co-transporter, and epithelial sodium channel. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 2836–2843

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

دوره 20 11  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2005